INTRODUCTION

PHOTOS

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

“Awful Calamity. Wilmington' Dre d (sic) Fear Realized. Bloody Race Conflict.”  Wilmington Messenger 11 Nov. 1898. MS 69:15. William Madison Randall  Library, University of North Carolina at Wilmington.

“Bloody Conflict with Negroes.” The (Wilmington) Morning Star 11 Nov. 1898. 1.

“The Carolina Race Riots.” New York Times 12 Nov. 1898. 1.

Chesnutt, Charles W. The Marrow of Tradition. 1901.

Clawson, Thomas W. The Wilmington Race Riot in 1898: Recollections and Memories. Ts.  Thomas W. Clawson Papers. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Cooper, Anna Julia. A Voice from the South. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1962  [1892].

Kirk, J. Allen, A Statement of Facts Concerning the Bloody Riot in Wilmington, N.C. n.p.,  n.d. MS 69: 43. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Letter from the Committee of Colored Citizens to Hon. A.M. Waddell, Chairman  Citizens Committee Wilmington, NC. n.d. MS 69: 42. William Madison Randall  Library, University of North Carolina at Wilmington.

“Manly’s Story of the Mob’s Work.” New York Herald 14 Nov. 1898: A1.

“Nineteen Negroes Shot to Death.” New York Times 11 Nov. 1898. 1. 

Resolution by “White People of Wilmington and New Hanover County.” 9 Nov. 1898.  MS 69:9. William Madison Randall Library, University of North Carolina at Wilmington.

 “A Sable Hero.” Harper’s Weekly 26 Nov. 1898: 1151.

“Story Of Wilmington Riot. A Pure-Bred Negro Relates It.” Charlotte Observer 24 May  1905.

Thorne, Jack [David Bryant Fulton]. Hanover; or the Persecution of the Lowly: A Story of the  Wilmington Massacre. New York: Arno Press, 1969 [1900].

Wells-Barnett, Ida B. Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells. Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1972.

---. On Lynching: Southern Horrors, a Red Record, Mob Rule in New Orleans. New York:  Arno Press, 1969.

 Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York : Verso, 1991.

Andrews, William L. “Jack Thorne [David Bryant Fulton].” Dictionary of American Negro  Biography. Logan, Rayford W., and Michael R. Winston, eds. New York: W.W.  Norton & Company, 1982.

---. “The Novelization of Voice in Early African American Narrative.” PMLA:  Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 105 (Jan. 1990): 23-34.

Cecelski, David S., and Timothy B. Tyson, eds. ” Democracy Betrayed: The Wilmington  Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina  Press, 1998.

Edwards, Laura F. “Captives of Wilmington.” Cecelski and Tyson 113-141.

Giddings, Paula. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in  America. New York: Bantam Books, 1984.

Gilmore, Glenda E. “The Flight of the Incubus.” Cecelski and Tyson 73-93.

Gleason, William. “Voices at the Nadir: Charles Chesnutt and David Bryant Fulton.”  American Literary Realism 24 (1992): 22-41.

Prather, H. Leon, Jr. “We Have Taken a City.” Cecelski and Tyson 15-41.

Smith, Paul. Discerning the Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.

Welter, Barbara. Dimity Convictions: The American Woman in the Nineteenth Century.  Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1976.

Yarborough, Richard. “Violence, Manhood, and Black Heroism: The Wilmington Riot in  Two Turn-of-of-the-Century African American Novels.” Cecelski and Tyson 225- 251.